Portobello Market Map
`I have always loved the Portobello market and it seemed a good idea to set a novel in and around it, its diverse characters, rich and poor, eccentric and ordinary’, Ruth Rendell, UK best selling writer launches her new novel Portobello in 2008.
Introduction
Portobello is currently going through a number of changes that are affecting the area socially, economically and environmentally. Despite the potential damage these changes could cause the area has benefited from a number of these changes. Some of the changes that have taken place are:
- An increase in wealth within the area
- More mainstream shops are entering the market as well as more chain stores such as Tesco, Gregg’s and Starbucks which are replacing older corner shops meaning cheaper prices and better access to goods. Although too many of these chain stores will detract from Portobello’s uniqueness.
- More houses are being renovated resulting in an increase in house prices
- The area has become more cosmopolitan
- More property developers are entering the market and investing in more properties
These types of change are known as gentrification.
What is Gentrification?
“Gentrification is a highly controversial process in which urban developers convert lower income neighbourhoods and inner-city ghettos into more upscale communities with loft apartments and wealthier tenants for renovated homes”. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-gentrification.htm
The term Gentrification was coined by the sociologist Ruth Glass in 1964. Ruth first identified a trend towards urban renewal as gentrification and documented her findings that only developers and landlords benefited from these efforts leaving current residents in a difficult position.
Since the current residents often cannot afford to pay the higher rents or relocate gentrification efforts usually force them into even lower class areas with higher crime rates due to higher levels of unemployment and education. In addition, local businesses (e.g. corner shops and market stalls) which can not compete with high rent prices may either have to relocate close or sell out to new investors. Although gentrification does achieve its stated goal of renovation and renewal, however it can also create many new socioeconomic problems for those people who have been displaced. The growing rate of chain stores such as big-name coffee shops, supermarkets, fast food outlets and fashion chains are beginning to take over many UK high streets resulting in them loosing the flavour and individuality.
On the other hand gentrification does have a significant amount of tangible benefits for an area. The creation of more affluent neighbourhoods through gentrification does raise a city’s tax base, which in turn could lead to better services for all of its citizens. Once a gentrified area gains a good reputation, other areas may also be inspired to take on similar efforts. This way, levels of crime appear to reduce and improve shattered inner-city regions, which will often help remove any fears holding back the new wealthy class from moving into certain parts of the city.
Hypothesis: Portobello road is still going through a period of change
The aim of this report is to determine whether “Portobello Road is still going through a period of change”.
The area of study is 4 kilometres West of Central London; it is also in the borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It runs through the heart of Notting Hill and hundreds of people pass it everyday. Portobello Road W11 is famous for its fashionable market place, restaurants and café’s as well as the Notting Hill Carnival which originally started in 1865. The road is said to be very long and stretches under West way bridge Notting Hill. Below are maps of London, Kensington and Chelsea and Portobello Road.
Portobello Road Map
Description of the Inner City
Diagram 3: Burgess Concentric Model
This Burgess model will help me look at the socio-economic status of Portobello Road mainly regarding income and the quality of housing. The Burgess model shows that the further you live from the Central Business District (CBD) the better quality of housing you will receive although the time you have to commute is a lot longer. Therefore those with a higher quality of housing living in Zone E make the sacrifice of increasing the amount of time they have to travel.
Portobello Road is in the middle of this Burgess model since it is in the inner part of West central London. This means that this an area with the highest land prices as well as being on of the busiest places.
As more houses go under renovation, house prices begin to increase attracting more residents from middle and upper class backgrounds (Zone D&E) while residents from lower class (zone C) backgrounds are slowly being displaced due to them struggling to keep up with the rising house prices.
Moreover even those shops that are close to the CBD are being replaced by high street chain stores since the rent has increased local shop owners have moved to other areas. This creates a significant change in the demographics (structure of population) with in the area since there are less attractions for older generations to visit e.g. antique stores where as there is now an abundance of fashion and jewellery markets encouraging more of a younger generation to visit Portobello Road. There is also a sizeable increase of females due to the many shops that have been accustomed to some of their shopping styles.
The Socio-economics with in the area have also changed a great deal by adding to its cosmopolitan environment as Portobello Road becomes more of an attraction it increases rates of tourism resulting in more of a mix of ethic minorities. It also invites a mix of professions such as architects to live in the area due to its high profile and high quality housing. Many artists are also encouraged to visit the area for its vibrancy and uniqueness.
Portobello Road in the Past
“Forty years ago Notting Hill was described as a massive slum, full of multi-occupied houses, crawling with rats and rubbish and was populated with offshoots of the Soho Vice. These insalubrious dwellings have become to a large contingent of Afro-Caribbean immigrants, who had to compete for jobs and living spaces with area’s similarly down trodden white residents”.
The quotation above refers to the state of Notting Hill in the past, when the second world war had ended there was a large influx of afro- Caribbean as well as Irish people. During the war many immigrants were drafted in to help rebuild many of the houses that were bombed. Although there was a lot of racism as these immigrants were unfairly treated many of them were not able to afford the rent because it was too high. The rent was so high there could be up to five people sharing one room. The quotation below reflects the dire living conditions these immigrants were forced to live in. “I used to live in a house in Malvern road, and there were nineteen children and eleven grown-ups in nine rooms. It didn’t have a bathroom and two families used to have a cook on the landing. In addition some landowners went as far as putting racially offensive signs as a bold statement that they didn’t approve of these immigrants residency. Here are a few examples:
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Diagram 4: No Blacks, No Irish, No dogs, No Children |
“Landlords refused to rent to black families, advertising for rooms to rent specifying ‘no coloureds’ while other crammed several people into one room and charged over the odds.” – “Signs were up at the windows – no blacks, no Irish, no dogs, no children” Notting Hill riots – 50 years on”http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7571879.stm “When I arrived here there were still the signs on the windows – no blacks, no Irish, no dogs, no children. Then there was the Race Relations Act of 1964 which outlawed all that….”http://www.berniegrantarchive.org.uk/gallery/1960.asp |
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 http://africlassical.blogspot.com/2008/09/malcolm-arnold-composed-his-fourth.html |
| Diagram 5 :
Protesters demonstrate in London after the outbreak of racist violence in Notting Hill in June 1959 |
Diagram 6 :
[The Malcolm Arnold Edition: The Eleven Symphonies; Decca (2006); Britain's Notting Hill riot, 1958] |
| “Most of our people have never had it so good.” But this was not the experience of either black or white people living in the squalid slums of Notting Hill. Prime Minister Harold Macmillan 1957 http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=15764 | |
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Diagram 7 : Police beat a retreat back up the Portobello Road during the riots which followed the Notting Hill Carnival. (Photo by Evening Standard/Getty Images) http://www.jamd.com/image/g/2633905 31st August 1976 |
Protesters demonstrate in London after the outbreak of racist violence in Notting Hill in June 1959
Diagram 8 |
 Diagram 9 |
| Race Riots : http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7571879.stm | |
| As a result there was deep social unrest due to segregation and major discrimination which lead to many race riots. During the continuous riots over a period of 2 weeks finally ending on September 5th the metropolitan police had arrested over 140 people there were many causalities some policemen were even killed during these riots. | |
As a result there was deep social unrest due to segregation and major discrimination which lead to many race riots. During the continuous riots over a period of 2 weeks finally ending on September 5th the metropolitan police had arrested over 140 people there were many causalities some policemen were even killed during these riots.
Portobello Road Today
Today Portobello road is still known for being one of the world’s largest antique markets, cosmopolitan atmosphere, Notting hill carnival with influences of Caribbean lifestyle and culture as well as its unique and high quality of housing.
Although Portobello road is beginning to face an entire new set of socio-economic problems due to the rapid increase in production of chain stores e.g. Star Bucks, Rapid rise in house prices making it difficult for people to pay rent or even relocate, not enough floor space for market stalls to sell their goods to make a living.
Although, the area has significantly improved since 40 years ago as new larger houses have been built, meaning more people living there, roads have also become cleaner, resulting in property prices increasing greatly. However the social class of people has changed as gentrification has taken place the lower income families have been displaced by the upper middle class and richer members of society e.g. actors. As the property prices have increased lower income families can no longer afford living in Portobello roads expensive lifestyle.
| Friends of Portobello are a pressure group that has been fighting to preserve Portobello’s diverse character as well as maintaining its high standards in its retail industry. In addition ‘Friends of Portobello’ aim to make Portobello Road Britain’s first business conservation area where the preservation of retail outlets and businesses are controlled by the law. The group has agreed with the council to introduce measures to preserve | |
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(1) Ensuring developers incorporate affordable retail & affordable hosing into development plans (2) Take decisive & swift action against developers who don’t adhere to planning rules & guidelines (3) Establish Portobello Road as a protected area |
Attitudes of Local People and conflicts/problems
http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2006/01/30/insideout_portobello_feature.shtml
Costas Kleanthous
“I started on a small stall here in 1967 and have grown with the market. If you’re going to be in the antiques business, Portobello Road is just about the best place to be in because it’s the world’s biggest antiques market. “I couldn’t believe it I anticipated a 20% rise which is sort of in line with inflation, “said Peter. After negotiating with his landlord, the rent rise was fixed at 60%, but this was still too much for Peter. He had to move out.
Peter Kalyan
“I had to move round the corner. And business is worse its down by 20 per cent. I miss Portobello road it was a great place and great atmosphere. In all honesty the way things are going I think I might stay in business about another five years but after that not likely”
Bella Devlin
“It’s certainly market forces at work but the problem with market forces is that it can be destructive. We can choose if we want our surroundings to be changed beyond all recognition or to do something about it, “he said. He sympathises with the traders concerns but he says he‘s powerless to do anything about it.
“One of the problems is that virtually all of the businesses here are privately owned and we have no power to stop anyone selling to whomever they want. Of course we want shops for local people and to keep the character of the market. But there’s a misconception the council can just stop development and that’s not true. “There is a planning law which allows us to stipulate a certain proportion of a site is given to say social housing or the right kind of facilities but that only applies to new developers building a brand new site. Not here.” He said.
Although the local council and the pressure group are working together, they both believe that ultimately the power to save Portobello Road rests with government. Without its help, all that which make’s this west London market so special might soon disappear.
Key Change Questions
In order to successfully carry out this investigation I must answer a few key questions. These key questions will help me visualise the past, present & future of Portobello road. These questions are:
What was Portobello Road like in the past?
- What is Portobello Road like today?
- What changes have occurred?
- Why is Portobello Road Changing?
- What do people think about these Changes?
These key questions will help me collect a range primary data since I will actually be on Portobello Road getting first hand experience of what the area while collecting my primary data. Where as the secondary data I will collect from books, newspaper articles, personal experiences and a national census which was carried out in 1998 and 2001 as well as look at a land use map from 1982.
The types of data you will get (Primary or Secondary)
| Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| QuestionnairesPedestrian count, Car surveysIn depth interviews | House pricesCensus DataAir quality |
Why is this geographical issue?
This is a geographical issue since it affects the area socially, economically and environmentally (urban change).
Where else is it happening?
Gentrification has happened in many other places such as San Francisco. During the mid-1960s in San Francisco, the bohemian centre of the city shifted from the old Beat enclave of North Beach to Haight-Ashbury as a response to gentrification, becoming fully gentrified.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentrification
The Research Methodology
| Method | Resources Used | Description ofMethod | Key Questions |
Source | Using of Data |
Problems/ Limitations |
Solutions |
| Questionnaires | Pencil Rubber Questionnaire sheet |
Approach at least 10 different people and ask them to answer my questionnaire Listen and note down their opinions and answers to my questions regarding the change in Portobello road Add up all the results and put into some form of data presentation i.e. a graph |
Are the changes occurring along Portobello Road changing its character?What do people think about these changes?Are there any conflicts involved in these changes? | Primary | See peoples opinions of whether Portobello road has changed What are peoples feelings and thoughts of the councils contribution A measure of the type of people visit Portobello road at this time of day |
Some people were rude and refused to answer any questions When approaching people I was slightly biased since I selected older people since they looked less busy and more knowledgeable about the area I felt the questionnaire was slightly limited and did not cover many important types of data like sphere of Influence | Asking people who weren’t as busy. Also changed the type of location I asked people. I put a procedure in place where I would ask every 5th person that walks past I created my own other methods of data collection that covered important types of data. |
| Method | Resources Used | Description of Method | Key Question(s) | Source | Using of Data | Problems/ Limitations |
Solutions |
| Land Use maps 1982 |
Land Use Model Key | Colour code Land Use Key Model | What was Portobello Road like in the past? What changes have occurred? | Secondary | We can use this Land use Map as a comparison to how Portobello road is now | Some abbreviations used in the land use map were hard to understand | I developed an abbreviations key. |
| Colour pencils | Figure out the type of category the shop fell underNumber the shop, | ||||||
| Pen, pencil and rubber | Colour it in |
| Method | Resources Used | Description of Method |
Key Question(s) |
Source | Using of Data |
Problems/ Limitations |
Solutions |
| Environmental Quality Survey |
EQS MAP (Environmental Quality survey Map) Map of PR road Pen |
On the environmental quality map, Portobello Road was divided into 12 different sections Each section had its own questions geared towards the state of the Environment We rated the attractiveness of certain locations from 1 to 5 We added the total marks and shaded the areas with the highest marks dark and areas with the lowest light. |
What was P.R like in the past? What changes have occurred? | Primary | A measure of inequality between different parts of Portobello road A rough measure of how good is the environment of Portobello road | Square 12 had no shops- it was an inaccurate assessment of the area since it looked the worse since it lost 15 marks despite it being one of the cleanest and with the best parking |
| Method | Resources Used | Description ofMethod | Key Questions |
Source | Using of Data |
Problems/ Limitations |
Solutions |
| Questionnaires | Pencil Rubber Questionnaire sheet |
Approach at least 10 different people and ask them to answer my questionnaire Listen and note down their opinions and answers to my questions regarding the change in Portobello road Add up all the results and put into some form of data presentation i.e. a graph |
Primary | See peoples opinions of whether Portobello road has changed What are peoples feelings and thoughts of the councils contribution A measure of the type of people visit Portobello road at this time of day |
Some people were rude and refused to answer any questions When approaching people I was slightly biased since I selected older people since they looked less busy and more knowledgeable about the area I felt the questionnaire was slightly limited and did not cover many important types of data like sphere of Influence | Asking people who weren’t as busy. Also changed the type of location I asked people. I put a procedure in place where I would ask every 5th person that walks past I created my own other methods of data collection that covered important types of data. |
| Method | Resources Used |
Description of Method |
Key Question(s) | Source | Using of data | Problems/ Limitations |
Solutions |
| Photographs | Digital Camera Internet | Use camera to take pictures of any interesting sites or locations Research photos of the present and past for Portobello road and create a comparison | How do the pictures represent the changes between the past and present? Why is there such a significant difference in these pictures between past and present? |
Primary from your Digital Camera Secondary pictures of the market can be found onhttp://www.portobelloroad.co.uk/ |
Use as evidence to show that there are either gradual or significant changes taking place. A clear representation for what things were like in the past and what they are like now in the present. | People get in the way of the photo Too much like reflecting off the camera distorting the image | Take photos from different angles Take the picture from a shaded area or cover lens with hand gently. |
Data Presentation Methodology
| Data collection method | Data | How could I present? | Why have I chosen this method? |
| Land use maps | Present day | Colour-coded map with key Tally to show number of different types of shops Mark all chain storeswith a C on map | This is to show the distribution of shops. |
| 1982 | Colour – coded map with key. Tally to show number of different types of shops.Mark all chain storeswith a C on map | So we can directly compare results. | |
| Comparisons of today and 1982 | Bar graph using totals for each type of shop. Pie chart. | Shows discrete data | |
| Chain StoreMapping | Present day | Put a large “C” on map | |
| 1982 | Put a large “C” on map | ||
| Comparisons of today and 1982 | Mark a “C” on land use map | ||
| Questionnaire | Class totals for each question | Different types of each graph representing each question for example a pie chat representing Gender. | |
| EnvironmentalSurvey | Scores for each individual site | On a table and a chloropleth (density shading) map. | |
| Photo’s | Present / Past / Comparison of past and present | ||
| Field Sketches | |||
| Newspaper articles | |||
| Census data | 2001 | Prop circes+ pie charts | |
| 1991 | |||
| comparison of 2001 and 1991 | |||
| Car survey | |||
| Sphere of influence |
Results
Data Collection & Analysis
Portobello Road 2008
1982 Land Use Map
2008 Land Use Map
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Similarities & Differences between 1982 and 2008 stores
| Similarities | Differences |
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Sphere of Influence
Conclusion
To analyse the results in a bit more detail and to help come to a conclusion I will refer to the ‘key questions’ in the hypothesis.
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What was Portobello Road like in the past?
Portobello Road did not have a pleasant past. Back in the Sixties, about 50 years ago, it was dilapidated and very run-down. There was a lot of discrimination that took place especially regarding rent of apartments see (diagram 4). Many of the immigrants living in the area had suppressed their feelings of anger and disgust for a while resulting in an outbreak of race riots many buildings were damaged and many people were also arrested (see diagrams 7 and 8).
This photo was provided by Kingsbury High School |
This picture illustrates the crowded and uninhabitable conditions of Portobello.
In 1957 prime minister Harold Macmillan famously said, “Most of our people have never had it so good.” But this was not the experience of either black or white people living in the squalid slums of Notting Hill. http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=15764#startcontent |
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This photo illustrates how Portobello road was predominately dominated by the antique industry. It also shows the historic and cultural relevance to Portobello market and the antiques trade that is still possesses today. In addition the photo captures the traditional architecture and style of the buildings which are mainly made of wood which predates the Victorian era. |
| This photo was provided by Kingsbury High School |
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What is Portobello Road like today?
Today Portobello Road is one of the trendiest places to live in London. Gentrification in the area has led to the rapid rise in house prices on the road and other areas close by displacing lower income families who can no longer afford the rent or to relocate. Portobello has a rich character, which provides a unique source of appeal to local shoppers, day-trippers and tourists. This is the unique yet rare quality that cannot be easily replaced. Portobello stretches far past a simple street market it is one of the largest antiques markets in the world, it provides visitors with a distinctive feeling of fascination and timelessness propelled by its cosmopolitan atmosphere.
Portobello is also a residential area, home to many major housing estates along with some privately owned attractive residential homes as well an enormous set of communities (see Figure 4 and 5). Portobello Road is now run by many services (figure 13) e.g. Café’s, restaurants, banks and hairdressers due to the areas large amount of visitors.
Portobello provides a comfortable environment for shopping, leisure and entertainment since public transport connections are good, with three tube stations within walking distance of the street making the area easily accessible.
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What changes have occurred?
The land use classification for Portobello in 1982 and today (2008), (see figures 12&13), show that immense changes have taken place in the land use of the area. Figures 12 & 13 show an increase of comparisum stores by 5%. There are less derelict properties since investors have renovated them into new trendy café’s, there are also more shop divisions (shops split into two) resulting in a greater variation of shops within the different shop categories this is shown in (figure 13) where the types of shops and other have increased by 14%. In addition dependency among lower income communities living in Golbourne towards the government has increased due to increasing number of council houses due to higher prices for rents shown in (figure 5) as a result of increasing land values.
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Why is Portobello Road changing?
One of the main reasons is that has been centre of media attention ever since the film Notting hill Gate. Portobello road attracts many people due its reputation of being one the world’s biggest antiques markets. Due to the increasing popularity of the area and the high demand for accommodation further raised the house price which has transformed the road from being slums of insalubrious dwellings filled immigrants to being a unique, upmarket cosmopolitan playground for the rich. In addition retail is a growing sector in the economy providing flexible employment opportunities which includes a share of employment for women, ethnic minorities and young adults. Moreover the magnetic effect of the CBD has lead to the reubranisation of the area by attracting corner shops, banks, nightclubs, electronic stores, coffee shops etc. This increases the day and night time economy in the area attracting more people from different age groups and backgrounds as well as increasing land values which resulting in higher income families settling in the area displacing some low income families who can no longer afford to live in the area.
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What do people think about these changes?
The increase in house prices mean that lower income families can’t afford to live there any more so naturally they would dislike some of these changes. Some people think that these changes have made no difference; these were mainly the people who have been living in the area for less than 5 years, as they haven’t lived there long enough to notice any significant changes.
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Is Portobello Road being overrun by chain stores?
Portobello road is being overrun by chain stores as many investors see it as a perfect location to start a business and make a profit. Many chain stores such as Starbucks increase prices for rent since they are very wealthy and wouldn’t find the costs too high. Whereas smaller stores have to work harder to compete with the high rents forcing them to closedown and relocate elsewhere.
According to figure 10 30/75 people interviewed would like to see fewer chain stores in the area which is an indication of their frustration with the amount of chain stores.
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Are the changes occurring along Portobello Road changing its character?
Chain stores are the main change affecting the areas character. The area is beginning to become dominated by chain stores. Local stores are being driven out since they can not compete for increasing rent their business and pay the rent for their homes. The growth of chain stores is resulting in the loss of the vibrant atmosphere that attracts most people to the area since all the unique stores are being displaced by bigger more established companies based everywhere. If the growth of chain stores continues at this rate Portobello Road will be no different to any other high street like Oxford Street and cosmopolitan vibrant atmosphere will be a thing of the past.
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Are there any conflicts involved in these changes?
There are conflicts between the local shop owners and with the chain stores, between the old residents with lower incomes and the new ones with much higher incomes, and between the market stall owners and the supermarkets.
Local shop owners have been under immense pressure to compete with chain stores to pay the rent. The local stores are struggling to survive since the majority of there profits are spent on rent for their business leaving them very little money to rent their homes and feed their families eventually forcing them to close down and pursue lesser jobs or relocate resulting in a decreased standard of living. As shown on page 12 (attitudes of local people and conflicts/problems) many residents are feeling the strain of high rent prices as land values continue to rise.
What do you think will happen in the future, to Portobello Road?
As explained earlier I think that people will eventually be forced move out of the area due to increasing numbers of chain stores. Portobello road loose its vibrancy and cosmopolitan environment since people can visit much bigger and better high streets such as Oxford Street. As a result of this I believe that property prices in the area will fall back down causing middle and upper middle income families to move back to the suburbs this is counter urbanisation, Portobello rod will become less popular leading to a de-gentrification of the area. It could go back to how it was 40 years ago creating a cycle from being upmarket to a slum and vice versa.
“Clone stores have a triple whammy on communities: they bleed the local economy of money, destroy the social glue provided by real local shops that hold communities together, and they steal the identity of our towns and cities. Then we are left with soulless clone towns. The argument that big retail is good because it provides consumers with choice is ironic, because in the end it leaves us with no choice at all”, says nef (New Economics Foundation) Policy Director, Andrew Simms. http://www.neweconomics.org/gen/uploads/t3zly355dpog3w55ctaiuu4506062005082504.pdf
What do you recommend should happen to Portobello Road?
The council should restrict the number of chain stores on Portobello Road, to ensure it retains the areas unique and distinctive character while it continues to attract many visitors. Help create cheaper affordable housing suitable to low-income residents before the efforts of gentrification to displace these residents. There are a number of changes that need to be made to prevent any further progression of these socio-economic problems. The changes are:
- Increase the number of schools along all three constituencies (Golbourne, Coleville and Pembridge) in order to bridge the gap of education and provide better chances for better jobs leading to higher levels of employment
- More youth clubs to decrease rate of crime in more deprived areas
- New laws and regulations to protect small businesses by keeping the levels of rent consistent
These plans are quite good although more needs to be done to preserve the vibrant cosmopolitan atmosphere of the area, in the long-term. Therefore I would recommend the following:
- Regulate the amount of chain stores in the area.
- Support struggling independent businesses funding things like marketing giving them by media attention and financial assistance for leaflets and billboard etc
- Derelict or empty buildings should be renovated and provided to lower income families at an affordable rate as part of the governments social scheme
- Start schemes to educate the homeless and lower income families with in the area as well as increase the number of temporary accommodations
- Extension of the road in order to give more space for market stalls and attract more people to the area
- More cultural festivals e.g. Notting hill carnival
- Putting pressure on developers to incorporate “affordable retail” as part of their plans as well as affordable housing.
- Create free 30-minute parking meters so that people can afford to shop from small shops
All these changes will ensure that socio-economic problems will not progress and ensuring that Portobello Road benefits from the effects it receives from gentrification while maintaining its unique and distinctive character without stifling its development.
Evaluation
I think this report managed to prove the hypothesis correct which was that ‘Portobello Road is still going through a period of change’. The report seems to have presented a substantial amount of data presented in a variety of forms such as graphs and maps which provided answers to all the key questions in this report which increases the accuracy of our conclusion resulting in proving our hypothesis correct.
Although there are a number of things that I could have researched and added to this report in order to obtain a more accurate conclusion by providing more detailed explanations to all the key questions.
Firstly, I could have further researched the inflation of house prices which would back up my point of increasing land values displacing lower income families. Secondly, I found great difficulty obtaining 1991 census data which would have aided me in developing a clear comparison between my census data for 2001 providing more reliable evidence towards proving my hypothesis. However I managed to overcome this problem by giving a variety of resources such as land use maps from 1982 and 2008. Thirdly I could have collected a larger wider range of primary data such as pedestrian counts showing the popularity of certain shops such as chain stores, interview more residents as well as provide more in depth interviews. Moreover I could have presented the data using more complex methods such as proportional circles.
I could have overcome some of the problems in a number of ways. Firstly regarding displaying data using more complex methods, I would have researched more advanced types of data collection and presentation before being assigned this report. Secondly, in order to provide a more in depth interview as well as speaking to more residents I would visit Portobello Road on different days where people are less busy for instance on a weekend this is when people are usually not working and more likely to answer any questions. Finally during my data collection I would have visited different estate agencies in the area to obtain information about present and past property prices.
Bibliography
| 1 | Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/ |
| 2 | Social Worker Magazine http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=15764 |
| 3 | Images from Portobello Market http://africlassical.blogspot.com/2008/09/malcolm-arnold-composed-his-fourth.html (Riots) http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article3187837.ece (BANKSY) http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/EnvironmentalServices/streettrading/portobello3.jpg (Market) http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/EnvironmentalServices/streettrading/portobello2.jpg (Market) http://static.visitlondon.com/assets/attractions/itineraries/notting_hill_carnival.jpg (Carnival) http://www.londonmarkets.co.uk/London%20Markets%20Portobello%20Road.htm (Road Sign) |
| 4 | Notting Hill Gate Riots http://www.jamd.com/image/g/2633905 |
| 5 | BBC Articlehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2006/01/30/insideout_portobello_feature.shtml |
| 6 | Wikipedia Encyclopaedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentrification |
| 7 | New Economics Foundation http://www.neweconomics.org/gen/uploads/t3zly355dpog3w55ctaiuu4506062005082504.pdf |
| 8 | The new Wider World, David Dauch, Nelson Thornes |
| 9 | Summary Note – Commission on Retail Conservation, and Case Studies (Retail Distinctiveness and Promotion of Independent Retail in Town Centre), September 2008, ROGER TYM & PARTNERS |
| 10 | Retail Leisure Needs, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Retail and Leisure needs study (July 2008) – Nathaniel Litchfield & Partners Ltd |
| 11 | Demographic Profile from the 2001 Census for Kensington and Chelsea, Colville Wards |
| 12 | Demographic Profile from the 2001 Census for Kensington and Chelsea, Pembridge Ward |
| 13 | Summary Note – Commission on Retail Conservation, and Case Studies (Retail Distinctiveness and Promotion of Independent Retail in Town Centre), September 2008, ROGER TYM & PARTNERS |
| 14 | Retail Leisure Needs, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Retail and Leisure needs study (July 2008) – Nathaniel Litchfield & Partners Ltd |
| 15 | Demographic Profile from the 2001 Census for Kensington and Chelsea, Golbourne Ward |
| 16 | Demographic Profile from the 2001 Census for Kensington and Chelsea, Colville Ward |
| 17 | Demographic Profile from the 2001 Census for Kensington and Chelsea, Pembridge Ward |
| 18 | Retail Leisure Needs, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Retail and Leisure needs study (July 2008) – Nathaniel Litchfield & Partners Ltd |
| 19 | Demographic Profile from the 2001 Census for Kensington and Chelsea, Colville Wards |
| 20 | Demographic Profile from the 2001 Census for Kensington and Chelsea, Pembridge Ward |
| 21 | Portobello Road Market Guide http://www.portobelloroad.co.uk/ |
| 22 | Portobello Road Market History http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/EnvironmentalServices/StreetTrading/history.asp |
